Experimentation summary of July-October 2021

Premise: "Cold nuclear fusion and LENR: one thousand nine hundred and ninety-nine ways not to do them"
Introduction: "Experiments on cold nuclear fusion and LENR"

NOTES ON THE EXPERIMENTATION OF JULY-OCTOBER 2021

Compared to the tests carried out in the past a change was made to the stimulation system. The stimulated material is the same used in the April 2021 trial.

STIMULATION TYPE

Omissis

TESTED MATERIAL

Omissis

ATMOSPHERE IN THE REACTION CELL

Hydrogen, air, hydrogen

RESULTS

The table below collects the results obtained.

Data	Final energy COP	Input power [W]	Voltage [V]	Mean water flow [g/s]	Atmosphere
04 Oct 2021	0,774	176,5	32,0	1,146	Hydrogen
03 Oct 2021	0,777	171,6	30,0	1,150	Hydrogen
02 Oct 2021	0,786	165,0	27,5	1,135	Hydrogen
01 Oct 2021	0,802	151,9	25,0	1,136	Hydrogen
30 Sep 2021	0,799	145,8	24,0	1,140	Hydrogen
29 Sep 2021	0,799	137,4	23,0	1,139	Hydrogen
28 Sep 2021	0,798	127,0	22,0	1,126	Hydrogen
27 Sep 2021	0,795	119,1	21,0	1,118	Hydrogen
26 Sep 2021	0,792	107,5	20,0	1,127	Hydrogen
26 Sep 2021	0,797	96,4	19,0	1,123	Hydrogen
25 Sep 2021	0,792	84,1	18,0	1,125	Hydrogen
24 Sep 2021	0,795	72,7	17,0	1,124	Hydrogen
23 Sep 2021	0,782	65,6	16,0	1,131	Hydrogen
22 Sep 2021	0,782	65,6	16,0	1,136	Hydrogen
21 Sep 2021	0,803	56,6	15,0	1,142	Hydrogen
20 Sep 2021	0,792	39,7	12,5	1,141	Hydrogen
19 Sep 2021	0,754	25,7	10,0	1,155	Hydrogen
18 Sep 2021	0,730	26,7	10,0	1,160	Air
17 Sep 2021	0,775	42,2	12,5	1,171	Air
16 Sep 2021	0,777	61,1	15,0	1,176	Air
15 Sep 2021	0,795	74,7	16,0	1,182	Air
13 Sep 2021	0,802	82,8	17,0	1,180	Air
10 Sep 2021	0,801	93,1	18,0	1,187	Air
09 Sep 2021	0,806	102,1	19,0	1,184	Air
08 Sep 2021	0,809	105,5	20,0	1,188	Air
07 Sep 2021	0,801	110,8	21,0	1,195	Air
06 Sep 2021	0,796	116,1	22,0	1,195	Air
05 Sep 2021	0,800	119,1	23,0	1,206	Air
04 Sep 2021	0,788	124,3	24,0	1,201	Air
03 Sep 2021	0,793	127,0	25,0	1,212	Air
02 Sep 2021	0,784	134,8	27,5	1,212	Air
01 Sep 2021	0,763	143,5	30,0	1,207	Air
31 Aug 2021	0,753	149,9	32,0	1,190	Air
30 Aug 2021	0,753	149,9	32,0	1,192	Air
28 Aug 2021	0,768	143,5	30,0	1,207	Air
28 Aug 2021	0,772	137,5	27,5	1,200	Air
27 Aug 2021	0,783	129,5	25,0	1,201	Air
25 Aug 2021	0,794	124,3	24,0	1,207	Air
24 Aug 2021	0,799	121,4	23,0	1,209	Air
23 Aug 2021	0,803	118,3	22,0	1,217	Air
22 Aug 2021	0,797	112,9	21,0	1,185	Air
20 Aug 2021	0,782	109,4	20,0	1,087	Air
19 Aug 2021	0,791	103,9	19,0	1,090	Air
18 Aug 2021	0,788	94,9	18,0	1,097	Air
17 Aug 2021	0,795	84,5	17,0	1,108	Air
16 Aug 2021	0,792	74,7	16,0	1,114	Air
15 Aug 2021	0,774	67,1	15,0	1,112	Air
13 Aug 2021	0,768	47,1	12,5	1,111	Air
12 Aug 2021	0,733	30,7	10,0	1,107	Air
10 Aug 2021	0,797	74,7	16,0	1,119	Hydrogen
09 Aug 2021	0,798	74,7	16,0	1,119	Hydrogen
08 Aug 2021	0,798	74,7	16,0	1,123	Hydrogen
07 Aug 2021	0,768	185,0	32,0	1,130	Hydrogen
06 Aug 2021	0,802	74,7	16,0	1,120	Hydrogen
05 Aug 2021	0,741	30,7	10,0	1,121	Hydrogen
04 Aug 2021	0,774	47,1	12,5	1,127	Hydrogen
03 Aug 2021	0,788	67,1	15,0	1,128	Hydrogen
02 Aug 2021	0,806	74,7	16,0	1,136	Hydrogen
01 Aug 2021	0,799	84,5	17,0	1,153	Hydrogen
31 Jul 2021	0,798	94,9	18,0	1,148	Hydrogen
30 Jul 2021	0,800	103,9	19,0	1,151	Hydrogen
29 Jul 2021	0,799	115,4	20,0	1,163	Hydrogen
28 Jul 2021	0,796	127,5	21,0	1,163	Hydrogen
27 Jul 2021	0,798	133,6	22,0	1,179	Hydrogen
26 Jul 2021	0,797	137,4	23,0	1,193	Hydrogen
25 Jul 2021	0,789	141,0	24,0	1,189	Hydrogen
23 Jul 2021	0,792	144,4	25,0	1,203	Hydrogen
22 Jul 2021	0,788	154,0	27,5	1,207	Hydrogen
21 Jul 2021	0,786	161,5	30,0	1,234	Hydrogen
20 Jul 2021	0,770	169,1	32,0	1,212	Hydrogen
19 Jul 2021	0,781	161,5	30,0	1,218	Hydrogen
18 Jul 2021	0,780	156,7	27,5	1,229	Hydrogen
18 Jul 2021	0,787	146,9	25,0	1,213	Hydrogen
17 Jul 2021	0,798	137,4	23,0	1,233	Hydrogen
16 Jul 2021	0,791	115,4	20,0	1,073	Hydrogen
15 Jul 2021	0,782	90,5	17,5	1,038	Hydrogen
14 Jul 2021	0,773	90,5	17,5	0,829	Hydrogen
12 Jul 2021	0,784	67,1	15,0	1,069	Hydrogen
11 Jul 2021	0,754	47,1	12,5	0,857	Hydrogen
11 Jul 2021	0,730	30,7	10,0	0,784	Hydrogen

The survey was conducted at various levels of electrical power input by setting a certain value for the supply voltage from time to time between 15V and 32V, leaving the intensity of current free to vary (voltage limitation control). Each test lasted approximately 5 hours. Electric power was given for just over 4 hours and cooling was monitored for the remaining 50 minutes.
Three series of tests were carried out. In the first one the measurements were carried out in a hydrogen atmosphere (data from 11 July 2021 to 10 August 2021). In the second one, hydrogen was replaced by air (data from 12 August 2021 to 18 September 2021). In the third, we returned to the hydrogen atmosphere (data from 19 September 2021 to 04 October 2021).
The graph in the figure shows the trend of the electric power input in steady state conditions in the three series of tests.

In this and the next graphs, the points identified with the red dots are those of the first series of measurements, the points with the black crosses refer to the second series of measurements and the blue circles identify the points of the third series of measurements.
For all three series of measurements, as the power supply voltage increases, the power input increases. In the first series of measurements, the slope of the graph decreases for voltages above 21V. The same change of slope is present in the second series of measurements even if it is anticipated. In the third series the change in slope is less sudden.
Note that in the first and second series of measurements, measurements were made starting from 15V to reach 32V and then from 32V up to 15V. In the third series only measurements from 15V to 32V were made.
While for the first series between outward measurementsand return measurements there are no obvious differences in the value of the electrical power input, for the second series the electrical power delivered to the return is decreased compared to the outward. In the third series the electrical power introduced is lower than that of the first series for voltage lower than 28V, while it is higher for voltage higher than 28V.
As for the slope changes, it is believed to be due to the higher thermal conductivity of hydrogen compared to air in the hypothesis that the response of the material changes beyond a certain temperature. Since hydrogen is able to better cooling the material subjected to stimulation, the latter will on average be at a lower temperature and therefore more power is required to reach the temperature beyond which the response of the material to stimulation changes.
The following image shows the final energy COP of the three series of measurements as a function of the power supply voltage.

In this graph the three series of measures are very similar to each other with an initial increasing and then decreasing trend. The maximum value obtained on the final energy COP is just above 0.80 which implies a loss result because only 80% of the energy input is recovered as thermal energy with the heating of the water flow. The missing share is partly due to the dissipation of heat in the environment from the electrical circuit which does not heat to the heating of the water and partly to the dissipations at the heat exchanger.
The following graph shows the values of the flow rate of the water flow through the exchanger in the various tests. The values were obtained as the average between the measurement at the start of the test and the measurement at the end of the test.

In the tests carried out, it was found that the flow of water affects the heat recovery of the heat exchanger. At higher water flows, the amount of recovered heat is higher. The effect is due to the absence of insulation on the exchanger. The loss of efficiency in heat recovery is due to the fact that a reduced water flow increases both the average temperature on the surface of the exchanger which increases the dissipative capacity and the crossing time which prolongs the time for dissipation.
To conclude, it is considered useful to also present the graph of the energy COP trend against the electrical power input.

This representation of the measurements shows that at high electrical powers the performance obtained with hydrogen is maintained better than with air. Since the dissipation losses on the exchanger increase at least linearly with respect to the temperature difference, an increase in power would lead to a penalty on the efficiency of the exchanger and a lower COP, not higher. A possible explanation for this result is that the efficiency of the circuit that generates the stimulation could depend on both the supply voltage and the electrical power and if the efficiency of the circuit is better at higher powers, the greater the percentage of energy transmitted with the stimulation, the greater the thermal energy recovered by the exchanger which results in an increase in the final energy COP.